Bibliography of Gagaku Resources
Prepared by:
Benjamin Israel
Winter 1998
The following list of resources is more a list of items which I would like to investigate further than it is a list which I have inspected closely for myself. That being said, I will indicate the items which I have personally reviewed with an asterisk rather than those which I have not.
The resources of the following list were synthesized
from a large pool of information collected from the Melvyl, RILM and WorldCat
catalogues and indexes. The main criteria for making it on the list was that
the material had to focus on Gagaku as its primary topic or relate to it in
some interesting way. Perhaps one exception is the mammoth collection of sound
recordings, 1000 Years of Japanese Music, in which Gagaku is only a
relatively small portion.(1) With regard to languages there are no restrictions.
Japanese names have been westernized when necessary for consistency with other
entries. Whenever possible Japanese titles have been translated into English
and indicated in the "Notes:" portion of the entry. I would like to thank my
wife Reiko Arai for her help in translating not only the titles of works, but
in a few cases, extended portions of text as well.
Benjamin Israel
Yorba Linda California
February 1998
*Garfias, Robert. Gagaku : the music and dances of the Japanese imperial household.
New York: Theatre Arts Books, 1959.
Notes: This is a 36 page page book with illustrations and photographs. It includes bibliographical references and discography (pp. 35). It is concise and interesting and would serve as an excellent introductory text to Gagaku for English speakers.
music. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.
Notes: This is a 332 page book on the Togaku repertoire of Gagaku with wonderful illustrations, photographs and musical examples. It includes a bibliography (pp. 283-294) and a discography (pp. 297-301).
Notes: The title translates to "Appreciation of Gagaku." It is a compilation intended for students and performers of Gagaku and Bugaku (dancing), and for school teachers. It contains a history of Gagaku, a list of the musical instruments preserved at the Shosoin archive, and extended information on Bugaku. Brief personal histories of musicians and persons concerned with Gagaku are included and Gagaku groups, publications about Gagaku, records, movies, national treasures, and cultural assets designated by the Japanese government are listed.
Notes: This is a two volume set aimed at gaining a total comprehension of Gagaku. The title roughly translates to Complete Understanding of Gagaku. Volume one is about Gagaku performers (Gakushi) and volume two is about the ideas and theory behind Gaku (Gakuri). There is possibly an extensive bibliography in volume 1 pages 467-549, the presence of which is indicated by the source catalogue entry "Gagaku bunken yokai (v.1. pp. 467-549)".
Notes: This is a 306 page book which includes musical examples.
nell'antico Giappone. Lucca: Libreria musicale italiana, 1996.
Notes: This book contains a discography (pp.178-9) and bibliograpy (pp. 171-7).
Notes: This is a 280 page book with illustrations.
Notes: This is a 306 page book which includes musical examples.
Notes: This is a 93 page book primarily of color illustrations. It is one of the treasures from the collection of the Kasuga Shrine which were exhibited in Los Angeles during the 1984 Olympic Arts Festival.
Notes: This is a 266 page book primarily of color photographs. It includes a summary in English.
Notes: This is a 349 page book with a few pages of illustrations and a bibliography (pp. 282-6). The title translates to Gagaku Encylopedia or Dictionary.
Notes: This is a 273 page book of primarily color photographs. The title translates roughly as The Design of Gagaku : Aesthetics of Imperial Cosutumes. The table of contents and introductory essay are in Japanese and English.
Notes: This is a 207 page English translation of a book in Japanese. It is filled with wonderful photographs and is very well organized.
Notes: This is a 13 volume printed edition of a twenty volume manuscript in the Tohoku Teikoku University collection, collated against a manuscript copy in K.(?) Shiba's collection by Masamune Atsuo.
Notes: This is a 109 page illustrated book with musical examples and a bibliography (pp. 108-9).
Notes: This is a 547 page book with illustrations and musical examples.
Notes: This is a 97 page illustrated book which includes a bibliography (pp. 97).
Reid, James Larry. "The Komagaku repertory of Japanese Gagaku (court music) : a study of contemporary performance practice" Ph.D diss., University of California Los Angeles, 1977.
in practice." Thesis, University of California Los Angeles, 1965
Notes: It is unclear wether this is a docral or non-doctral thesis. It is in two volmes and includes a bibliography: v. 1, pp. 390-398.
Notes: The tile translates to "On the Hoiku shoka." Hoiku shoka (1878-81) is a collection of educational songs composed by Gagaku composers of the music department of the imperial household. The songs are discussed from the standpoints of compositional procedure, changes in evaluations of their effectiveness, and musical structure, and are classified according to their specific use, text source, melody, mode, meter, composer, and accompanying instruments. They are then compared to two contrasting collections, Songs for kindergarteners by A.L. Howe, and the Gagaku songs kagura-uta, Kume-uta, and saibara compiled by Sukehiro Shiba.
Notes: This thesis is a comprehensive study of komagaku (Korean derived compositions in the Gagaku repertory.) It describes the komagaku modal system in terms of classical Chinese music theory. It also describes the instruments, notational system, musical forms, and performance practice of komagaku including the differences in rhythmic and melodic structure between Togaku and komagaku. The system of microtonal ornamentation is analyzed. The entire komagaku repertoire is scored in staff notation and appended to the study.
Notes: The title translates to "A study of the
15th-century Gagaku society - centering on the world of Ayanokoji Aritoshi."
This thesis reconstructs the history of medieval Gagaku society during the period
immediately before and after the Onin-no-ran (civil war in the vicinity of Kyoto,
1467-77). The author focuses on Ayanokoji Aritoshi (1419-95), a key figure in
fifteenth century Gagaku society. Using his diary and writings of other nobles,
the author analyses and discusses the totality of Gagaku society from that period.
Craig, Dale A. "The sound of Japanese music." Arts of Asia (March-April 1971): 13-16.
Notes: Describes the instruments used in kagura, shomyo, Gagaku, geza and joruri.
Notes: The title translates to "The compositional process of Gagaku: an introduction." Proceeding from the viewpoint that the present form of Gagaku was completed in the ninth century, the author studies its compositional process in terms of interrelations among sho, fue, and hichiriki, the part played by the cantus firmus, the relation between percussion instruments and melody instruments, and the connection between dance and music.
Notes: The title translates to "The notation of Gagaku."
Notes: Reviews of the following recordings: Eighteenth-century traditional music of Japan: koto music of the Edo period (Everest SDBR 3306, 1971); Gagaku-ancient Japanese court music-Nippon Gagaku kai, Notes by Yoshihisa Oshida (Everest 3322); Korean social and folk music, commentary by John LEVY (Lyrichord LLST 7211, 1970); and P'ansori: Korea's epic vocal art and instrumental music, Notes by Jonathan Cott and David Lewiston (Nonesuch H-72049; Explorer series, 1971).
Notes: The title translate to "Problems in the transcription of Japanese palace music." Two volumes of transcriptions of Japanese Gagaku music were brought out in 1968-69 by Shiba Sukehiro. Comparison of the notation and the actual sound of the music show how little the specific characteristics of this music are conveyed by transcriptions into Western notation.
Notes: The title translates to "From the Sphere of Suppositions." A brief analysis of piano sonata no. 5 by the Soviet composer Boris Tiscenko (b. 1939). The article discusses the influence of Gagaku on the sonata.
Notes: This is an article in a festschrift. The title translates to "Computer-based tempo analysis: Time-structures in traditional Japanese music." The article proposes that the procedure for computer-based tempo analysis developed for classical European music, which generates a graphic display of time-structures, can be used for mapping non-European music as well. Using it on traditional genres of Japanese music yields evidence of a great many varieties of temporal shaping principles.
Notes: This is an article in a collection of essays which outlines the history of Gagaku, the classification of Bugaku dances, and Gagaku costumes and masks. It includes a chart of the current Bugaku repertoire and an exhaustive glossary of Japanese terms. Gagaku's early association with Buddhist ceremonial practices is also discussed.
Notes: The title translates to "Modern Japanese music: A review of music for Gagaku instruments written by composers of Western-style music " Works written for Gagaku instruments are divided into three broad groups and discussed, focusing on the intentions of the composer, use of a particular instrument, and modern techniques.
Notes: Polyphony in the traditional Western sense is rare in Japanese music, however, there are several isolated examples which are examined in this article found in Gagaku, noh theater, and the bourgeois chamber music of the Edo period .
Notes: The title roughly translates to, "Ruiso-chiyo, a Kamakura tablature for gakuso : The notational system and terms used in the classification of the Togaku repertoire". The article discusses Ruiso-chiyo, a tablature score for gakuso (a zither used in Gagaku) dating from the Kamakura period.
Notes: The title translates to "A study of variation technique in Gagaku Togaku focusing on dokyoku in Jinchi-yoroku." Most of the Togaku repertoire has an original melody (genkyoku) and an arrangement of this melody (dokyoku). This article is an analysis of how dokyoku are constructed in Jinchi-yoruku, a work for Koto from the Togaku repertoire.
Notes: This article contains a discussion of scales, kakuon (nuclear notes), tetrachords and their combinations, modulation, as well as Koizumi's theoretical views, and the traditional theory of Gagaku.
Notes: The title translates to "The historical music relationship between Korea and Japan in ancient times." This article is a discussion of the roots of Japan's present Gagaku tradition.
Notes: Mr. Meyer's theories are applied to the aesthetics of Japanese Gagaku music. In particular ideas about tension and release are applied to Entenraku, a well-known piece in the Gagaku repertoire.
Notes: This article is a discussion of the critical function that listening plays Gagaku performance and appreciation. In part it covers Shoga, the method by which Gagaku performers are trained to vocalize wind instrument parts, and the primarily heterophonic construction of Gagaku music.
Notes: Benjamin Britten, on a vistit to Japan in 1956, conducted research on Gagaku and more specifically the use of the sho in Gagaku. The article proposes that the knmowledge he gained from his research is reflected in certain passages in Curlew River, Burning Fiery Furnace , and Prodigal Son.
Notes: The title translates to " Gagaku: A thousand years of harmony." It is essentially a brief history of Gagaku from its origins to the present day.
Notes: This article contains a comprehensive stylistic analysis of "Zangetsu", composed sometime around 1800, for sankyoku ensemble. The entire concept of modal structure and form, particularly the derivation of the in-sempo mode from the ritsu scale of Gagaku is traced and examined. A new theory of Japanese modal construction is suggested and applied to "Zangetsu."
Notes: The title translates to "Study of the musical notation of Gagaku."
Notes: This article gives a brief historical account of the origins of Gagaku, influences from the mainland, and the final restriction of Gagaku to court performance. It also describes the main musical instruments of Gagaku and the tradition of father to son lineage of musicians and their training processes.
Notes: The title translates to "The Kamakura shogunate and Gagaku." Although Gagaku fell into decline during the Kamakura period, it was still performed at the Imperial Court in Kyoto and in Nara. In this article the history of the musical institution for Gagaku at Tsurugaoka Shrine and the musicians of that period from Kyoto and Nara are discussed.
Notes: The title translates to "Hyoshi in Japanese traditional music and time in Western music." This article defines hyoshi (time, measure) in Japanese traditional music and describes the differences between it and time in Western music.
Notes: The title translates to "The influence of Gagaku on koto music."
Notes: The title translates to "The influence of Gagaku on the other traditional performing arts and music: supplement." The original article appeared in Gagaku kai 54 (1979) 86-156.
Notes: The title translates to "A study of vocal texture in Togaku."
Notes: The title translates to "The prototype of the modes of Japanese Gagaku as described in Chinese literature."
Notes: The title translates to "Colophons of the books on Gagaku during the Middle Ages."
Notes: The title translates to "Gagaku in the Koshiki ceremony."
NTOES: The title translates to Promotion examinations for musicians at the three traditional Gagaku centers.
Notes: The titel translates to " study of shoga of the o-teki." The article covers the following topics: 1) The history of Gagaku shoga from its origins to Meiji senteifu, including an investigation of such documents as Jissoki, Kyokunsho, Taigensho, and Gakkeroku. 2) An analysis of the relation between shoga and the style of pieces in modes resembling those of ancient China, pieces in Japanized modes, and pieces in which the original mode has been lost and which were reproduced in Japanese modes. 3) A study of four pieces in oshiki mode appended to Meiji senteifu and the reason for their anomalous transposition techniques.
Notes: This article examines tonality and modality in Japanese Gagaku music and discusses the ways in which it was influenced by Chinese music.
Notes: The title translates to "Kagura and Gagaku: Traditional music of Japan." The article describes the development of traditional practice from the first verifiable appearance in the fifthe century through modern times, including discussion of instruments, forms, and changes in social use.
Notes: The article discusses wether or not the melodies of the Togaku repertoire have remained essentially constant from their initial development in the seventh to ninth century or have they been transformed from the twelfth century onward.
Shiba, Sukehiro. "Gosenfu ni yoru Gagaku sofu." Score. 1968-1972.
Notes: This is a score, or rather a collection of scores, in four volumes for Gagaku instruments arranged in varying ensembles.
Contents: Vol. 1 kakyokuhen -- Vol. 2 Kangenkyoku hayagaku hen -- Vol. 3 Kangenkyoku taikyoku hen -- Vol. 4 koraigaku Bugakukyoku hen nobegaku.
Notes: The title says it all.
Notes: This score is a transcription by Shiba Sukehiro. It is in the form of parts for Gagaku orchestra. Some transcriptions are with voice. There are explanatory notes. The texts of the compositions with voice come in Japanese, English and French.
Notes: This is a seven page work for violin inspired by Gagaku.
and reigaku instruments. Ph.D diss., University of California at San Diego, 1988.
Notes: This score was created by a student composer
as part of his Ph.D. work. It is for 4 shomyo voices and 4 reigaku instruments
(hokyo, hensho, kugo, shigen biwa). The text of the piece is taken from a poem
by Junzaburo Nishiwaki. The score is in graphic notation and includes instructions
for performance in English.
Gagaku : the court music of Japan Produced by Eugene Enrico and David Smeal. 29 min. University of Oklahoma, 1989. Videocassette.
Notes: This video was first broadcast in 1989 as part of the University of Oklahoma's Early Music Series. Performers: Host, William P. Malm with Dr. Sidney Brown and Suenobu Togi ; Music Dept. of The Imperial Household Agency, Tokyo. The Imperial Court Orchestra of Tokyo illustrates the contrasting styles of Gagaku through music, costume and court dances (Nasori, Genjoraku). Host, William P. Malm. Sidney D. Brown discusses Gagaku's historic roots in Mongolia and Korea.
Nagauta music : and original music and arrangements from older classics, Azuma Kabuki Musicians, Columbia ML 4925, 1954.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, mono. ; 12 in.
Notes: Presented by Sol Hurok with the cooperation of Prince Takamatsu and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Program Notes in English with a Japanese translation by Sho Onodera. Performers: Azuma Kabuki Musicians, starring Katsutoji Kineya and Rosen Tosha. Recorded in February, 1954 in New York.
Contents: Sambaso -- Dojoji -- Tsuchigumo -- Ninin-wankyu -- Nagare -- Ocho -- O-matsuribayashi.
Audio Format: 2 sound discs: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: For 4 solo voices, chorus, and Gagaku orchestra (with instrumental soloists: ryuteki, o-hichiriki, sho). This recording was made during its first public performance at the Japanese National Theatre in Tokyo on September 30, 1983.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: Notes on container in Japanese and English.
Contents: Goshoraku no kyu (hyojo) -- Etenraku, Nokorigaku sanben (hyojo) -- Jussuiraku (oshiki-cho) -- Keibairaku no kyu (taishiki-cho) -- Shukoshi (sojo) -- Senshuraku (banshiki-cho)
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: Program Notes by Akira Tamba, in English and French, on container. Recorded June 19, 1979 at Studio 103, Maison de la Radio, Paris.
Contents: Etenraku -- Bato -- Genjoraku -- Gakkaen -- Bairo -- Nasori
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: CD
Contents: Goshoraku no kyu (Hyojo) -- Etenraku, nokorigaku sanben (Hyojo) -- Jussuiraku (Oshiki-cho) -- Keibairaku no kyu (Taishiki-cho) -- Shukosho (Adjo) -- Senshuraku (Hanshiki-cho)
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: Program Notes in English and Japanese in container. Performed by members of the Gagaku Music Society of Tenri University. Recorded April 3, 1984 in Tenri City.
Contents: 1. Hyojo ; Netori ; Etenraku. 2. Taighiki-cho ; Rinko Kodatsu -- Utaimono -- Saibara 3. Ikanisen -- Bugaku 1. Koma Sou-jyo ; Houhin. 2. Ichikotsu-cho ; Konjyu ; Netori ; Jyo ; Ha.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: The title translates to "Court Music, Dance Music : Song of the Nightingale." Program Notes in Japanese, with English translation, in container.
Contents: Ikkotsu choshi -- Yusei -- Jo -- Satto -- Juha -- Tessho -- Kissho.
Audio Format: 2 sound discs: 33 1/3 rpm, mono. ; 10 in.
Contents: Disc 1. Etenraku -- Bairo -- Cho ge shi -- Disc 2. Taiheiraku.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, mono. ; 10 in.
Contents: Kocho -- Seigaiha -- Shundeika -- Hassen.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, mono. ; 10 in.
Contents: Etenraku -- Nasori -- Somakusha -- Kendi-Kodatsu.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: CD.
Contents: Etenraku -- Hyojo netori -- Etenraku -- Kishunraku -- Oshikicho choshi -- Kishunraku jo -- Kishunraku ha -- Seigaiha -- Banshikicho netori -- Seigaiha -- Kitoku -- Koma ichikotsucho konetori -- Kitoku ha -- Kotoku kyu -- Azumaasobi -- Motomeko no utadashi -- Motomeko no uta.
Audio Format: 1 sound dis: CD.
Notes: Previously issued as an LP. Descriptive notes in English in container.
Contents: Irite -- Etenraku -- Manzairaku -- Embu -- Hassen -- Nasori -- Goshoraku -- Karyobin.
Director. Minoruphone HC-7001/7003, 1974.
Audio Format: 6 sound discs: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo ; 12 in.
Notes: Notes by Oshida Yoshihisa and Ueda Masaaki in Japanese with an English summary. The notes include photos and illustrations.
Contents: Kagura uta -- Yamato uta -- O uta -- Kume uta -- Ruika -- Azuma asobi uta -- Saibara -- Roei.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, mono. ; 10 in.
Notes: The title Translates to "Seeking for the origin of Japanese music." Program Notes in Japanese and English in container.
Contents: Oto to ri -- Eten raku.
COCF-6194/COCF-6195/COCF-6196/COCF-6196, 1990.
Audio Format: 4 sound discs: CD.
Notes: Four compact discs in two containers. Includes program notes and historical information on the music in Japanese and English.
Contents: [1]. Hyojo no netori -- Hyojo etenraku -- Ichikotsucho Ranryo-o -- Taishikicho Genjoraku -- Koma Ichikotsucho hassen hakyu -- Kumeuta -- Ichikotsucho no netori -- Ichikotsucho konju no ha -- Ruika -- Ichikotsucho no netori -- Ichikotsucho harusugi -- Taishikicho no netori -- Taishikicho gakkaen -- Sojo no netori -- Sojo butokuraku -- Sojo shundeika -- Banshikicho somakusha no ha -- Koma Ichikotsucho kitoku hakyu -- Minoyama -- Taishikicho chogeishi. [2]. Hyojo no netori -- Hyojo ringa -- Koma Ichikotsucho nasori hakyu -- Hyojo bairo no ha -- Sadacho no netori -- Ichikotsucho bairo no kyu -- Hyojo manzairaku -- Azumaasobi -- Banshikicho no netori -- Banshikicho hakuchu -- Oshikicho no netori -- Oshikicho jussuiraku -- Oshikicho kishunraku no ha -- Taishikicho bato -- Koma Ichikotsucho kocho -- Kagura no netori -- Sonokoma -- Ichikotsucho Ranryo-o.
Audio Format: 3 sound discs: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: Program notes in Japanese, with an English translation by Reinhold Merie in container.
Audio Format: 3 sound discs: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: The title translates to "Outline of Gagaku." The recording was prepared for participation in the 17th annual Arts Festival in 1962, by the Victor Company of Japan. Each disc includes an illustrated booklet, explaining (in Japanese) the structural composition of Gagaku, the instruments, and costumes.
Contents: v.1. Instrumental music v.2. Vocal music.
Audio Format: 1 disc: 33 1/3 rpm. stereo. 12 in.
Contents: Irite -- Etenraku -- Manzairaku -- Embu -- Hassen -- Nasori -- Goshoraku -- Karyobin Instrumental music performed by the Kyoto Imperial Court Music Orchestra.
Audio Format: 4 sound discs: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: Program notes in Japanese in container.
Contents: Symphonie pour grand orchestre (Akio Yashiro) -- Symphonia (Yoshiro Irino) -- Trois mouvements symphoniques (Akira Miyoshi) -- Music of tree (Toru Takemitsu) -- Essay (Toshiro Mayuzumi) -- Concerto grosso (Michio Mamiya) -- So-gu : for Gagaku and orchestra (Maki Ishi) -- Clima : for orchestra (Ryohei Hirose) -- Hina-uta : no. 2 for orchestra (Kyoshige Kohama)
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm ; 12 in.
Notes: Program notes in English and song texts in Japanese in container.
Contents: Gagaku Etenraku -- Koto Rokudan -- Koto Midare -- Nagauta Kurokami -- Hauta Ume-wa-saitaka -- Naguata Musumedojoji -- Hayashi Matsuri-bayashi -- Kiyomoto Kanda-matsuri -- Zokkyoku Fukagawa-bushi.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: CD.
Notes: Program Notes by Akira Tamba in English and French in container. Recorded June 19, 1979 at Studio 103, Maison de la Radio, Paris.
Contents: Etenraku -- Bato -- Genjoraku -- Gakkaen -- Bairo -- Nasori.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm ; 10 in.
Contents: Ranryo-o -- Genjoraku.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm ; 10 in.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm ; 10 in.
Contents: Etenraku -- Bairo -- Chogeshi.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm ; 10 in.
Contents: Kocho -- Seigaiha -- Shundeika -- Hassen.
Audio Format: 5 sound discs: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Contents: [1]. Kabuki music. Lion dance from Echigo country -- The noble pine.
[2]. Japanese court music. Goshoraku no kyu -- Etenraku, nokorigaku sanben -- Jussuiraku -- Keibairaku no kyo -- Shukoshi-- Senshuraku.
[3]. Japanese bamboo flute music.
[4]. Koto music from the eighth to the twelfth century.
[5]. Popular koto melodies.
Audio Format: 74 discs: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: This is a massive collection of discs manufactured by Victor, Toshiba Records, Polydor, King, and CBS Sony Special Products collected into eight volumes. In each volume are program booklets (2 v. : ill. ; 31 cm.) in Japanese with notes in English at the end of v.2.
Contents: v.1. Gagaku, shomyo, biwagaku -- v.2. No, kyogen -- v.3. Sokyoku, jiuta, shakuhachi -- v.4. Nagauta -- v.5. Gidayu -- v.6. Kokyoku -- v.7. Tokiwazu, tomimoto, kiyomoto, shinnai -- dai v.8. Hauta, utazawa, kouta.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Contents: Ichi no kinuta -- Yon no kinuta -- Go no kinuta.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, stereo. ; 12 in.
Notes: The program notes in Japanese with English translation on additional insert. Recorded June 22 and 24, 1971.
Audio Format: 1 disc: 33 1/3 rpm. stereo. 12 in.
Notes: In an autumn garden is performed by Kunaicho Gagkubu; voyage is performed by Kinshi Tsuruta, biwa.
Contents: In an Autumn Garden -- Voyage.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: CD.
Notes: The program notes are by Kuniharu Akiyama and the composer, with an English translation by Richard Emmert. Recorded on May 3-4, 1980, at Victor Studio No. 1, Tokyo.
Contents: Strophe -- Echo I -- Melisma -- In an autumn garden -- Antistrophe.
Audio Format: 1 sound disc: 33 1/3 rpm, mono. ; 10 in.
Notes: This recording contains examples of several styles of Gagaku music. The program notes are in Japanese with an English translation.
Contents: Etenraku -- Nasori -- Somakusha -- Kendi-Kodatsu.